Cisco Routers


Below Devices related practical tips post will soon,
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Cisco 1841
Cisco 2811/2821
Cisco 3825/3845
Cisco 7206 VXR with NPE-G1 and NPE-G2
Cisco 7204/7201
Cisco 7604/7606
CRS-1
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Before starting to the basic commands, will go through one glance about which are the Hardware’s are used in the router. Below is some of the most common used hardware in ISP/MNC ends.

WIC-1T (Serial Link – 1 Port – 2 Mbps)
WIC-2T (Serial Link – 2 Ports – 4 Mbps)
WIC-4ESW (FE 4 Ports)
NM-4T (Serial Link 4 Ports – 8 Mbps)
NM-8A/S (Serial Link 8 Ports – 16 Mbps)      
PA-8T (Serial Link 8 Ports-16 Mbps)
PA-T3 (Serial Link 1 Port – 35/45 Mbps)
PA-2T3 (Serial Link 2 Ports – 35/45 Mpbs*2)

FYI: In market all types of cards are available for all routers like (FE, GIGI, LC, FC for 1Port, 2 Port, Etc.,)

Normally serial & smart serial types cables but in different numbers used depends upon the cards, one more info LC & FC Fiber cables available (LC-to-SC, LC-to-LC, SC-to-SC).

Serial Link Types with Bandwidth details,

European Standard
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E1 – 2.048 Mbps
E2 – 8.448 Mbps
E3 – 34.368 Mbps
E4 – 139.264 Mbps
E5 – 565.148 Mbps

North American
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T1/DS1 – 1.544 Mbps
DS1C – 30.152 Mbps
DS2 – 6.312 Mbps
DS3 – 44.736 Mbps
DS4 – 274.176 Mbps
DS5 – 400.352 Mbps

Above are the standard’s used in the Euro\North region and below mentioned are commonly used in ISP/Enterprises and small medium business end,

E1 – 2 Mbps (Used by ISP/MNC Domestic/internal BW)
E3 – 35 Mbps (Used by ISP/MNC Domestic BW)
DS3 – 45 Mbps (Used by ISP/MNC Domestic BW)
STM-0 - 51,840 Mbps (Mostly no one used this BW, everyone goes to DS3 or STM-1)
STM1 – 155 Mbps (Used by ISP/MNC Domestic/International BW)
STM-4 – 622.080 Mbps (Used by ISP Domestic/International BW)
STM-16 - 2488.320 Mbps (Used by ISP International BW)
STM-64 - 9953.280 Mbps (Used by ISP International BW)
STM-256 - 39813.120 Mbps (Used by ISP International BW)
STM-1024 - 159252.480 Mbps (Used by ISP International BW)

How to enable the Net flow in Cisco Routers,
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Router Inbound Interface (Ethernet\FastEthernet\Gigi)
ip flow ingress
ip flow egress

Router Outbound Interface(Serial\Ethernet\FastEthernet\Gigi)
ip flow ingress
ip flow egress

Router privileged mode
Ip flow-top-talkers
top 10 (1 to 200)
sort-by bytes or packets

But if you want to export that logs to some server, below need to config in privileged mode,
ip flow-export source (internal/inbound)
ip flow-export version 5
ip flow-export destination X.X.X.X(server IP) 9996


Basic Router Hardware Identification & performance monitoring command,
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Show version
Show flash | disk0 | disk1
Show memory | summary | statistics | processor | allocating-process
Show process cpu history | sorted | extended
show environment all
show inventory


Command output and identification information as below,


  • The value range is from 0x0 to 0xFFFF.
  • 0x2102 is the factory-default configuration register value.
  • 0x2142 boots from flash without using NVRAM contents good for password recovery.
  • 0x2101 boots from boot prom image not flash, good for upgrading image on flash.
  • 0x2141 boots from boot prom and ignores NVRAM contents.
  • 0x141, which disables the Break key, ignores the NVRAM configuration, and
    boots the default system image from ROM.


































































Below are the configuration examples to enable the P2P WAN serial link with using the HDLC/PPP/Frame relay Protocol

How to configure the HDLC in P2P WAN serial Links,
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Customer A End:
Interface Serial 0/0    
Encapsulation HDLC
Ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.252
Bandwith 2048           
No shutdown

Customer B End:
Interface Serial 0/0
Encapsulation HDLC
Ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.252
Bandwith 2048
No shutdown

Note:
  • By default, all the Cisco router interface encapsulation is HDLC.
  • Before configure the IP address need to check that IP is used or free and subnet mask should be the same.
  • Bandwith command is not mandatory but if you need to calculate the exact IN/OUT BW in that scenario it’s necessary, if not used that command it will take default BW value.
  • After did this configuration need to unshut the interface, then we can able to reach the WAN Circuit.

How to configure the PPP P2P WAN in serial Links,
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Customer A End:
Interface Serial 0/0    
Encapsulation ppp
Ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.252
Bandwith 2048           
No shutdown

Customer B End:
Interface Serial 0/0
Encapsulation ppp
Ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.252
Bandwith 2048
No shutdown

How to configure the Frame relay in P2P WAN serial Links,
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Customer A End:
Interface Serial 0/0    
Ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.252
Encapsulation frame−relay
frame−relay interface−dlci 140
Bandwith 2048           
No shutdown

Customer B End:
Interface Serial 0/0    
Ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.252
Encapsulation frame−relay
frame−relay interface−dlci 150
Bandwith 2048           
No shutdown


Below are the examples of configuring the multilink with using PPP and Frame relay,
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Note: If ISP/Customer having more than one link for the same destination, multilink most useful in that scenario, with using this load balancing works fine.

Incase of any link goes down data will automatically pass through another link with common multilink interface.

How to implement the multilink with using PPP,
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ISP/Customer A End:
Interface multilink 1
Bandwidth 4096
Mtu 1546
Ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.252
No shutdown
Load-interval 20
Ppp multilink
Ppp multilink group 1

Interface serial0/0
Mtu 1546
Encapsulation ppp
Ppp multilink
Ppp multilink group 1

Interface serial0/1
Mtu 1546
Encapsulation ppp
Ppp multilink
Ppp multilink group 1

ISP/Customer B End:
Interface multilink 1
Bandwidth 4096
Mtu 1546
Ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.252
No shutdown
Load-interval 20
Ppp multilink
Ppp multilink group 1

Interface serial0/0
Mtu 1546
Encapsulation ppp
Ppp multilink
Ppp multilink group 1

Interface serial0/1
Mtu 1546
Encapsulation ppp
Ppp multilink
Ppp multilink group 1


How to implement multilink with using frame relay,
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ISP/Customer A End:
interface MFR1
mtu 1546
bandwidth 4028
no ip address
load-interval 20
frame-relay intf-type dce
 
interface MFR1.10 point-to-point
description Routing-Interface
ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.252
no cdp enable
frame-relay interface-dlci 10

interface Se0/0/0
bandwidth 2048
mtu 1546
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay MFR1
serial restart-delay 0

interface Se0/0/1
bandwidth 2048
mtu 1546
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay MFR1
serial restart-delay 0

ISP/Customer B End:
interface MFR1
mtu 1546
bandwidth 4028
no ip address
load-interval 20
frame-relay intf-type dte

interface MFR1.10 point-to-point
description Routing-Interface
ip address 192.168.0.2 255.255.255.252
no cdp enable
frame-relay interface-dlci 10

interface Se0/0
bandwidth 2048
mtu 1546
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay MFR1
serial restart-delay 0

interface Se0/1
bandwidth 2048
mtu 1546
no ip address
encapsulation frame-relay MFR1
serial restart-delay 0


Cisco Routers Configuration registers Value
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  • The configuration register is a 16 bit (2 Byte) value
  • The value range is from 0x0 to 0xFFFF.
  • 0x2102 is the factory-default configuration register value.
  • 0x2142 boots from flash without using NVRAM contents good for password recovery.
  • 0x2101 boots from boot prom image not flash, good for upgrading image on flash.
  • 0x2141 boots from boot prom and ignores NVRAM contents.
  • 0x141, which disables the Break key, ignores the NVRAM configuration, and
    boots the default system image from ROM.

Some of the more frequently used commands available within ROM Monitor Mode are,
  • boot command - ASA ROMMon command to reboot/reset the device
  • dev command - display available file systems and/or devices
  • dir command - display the contents of a file system or device
  • boot command - boot a software image
  • confreg command - display or modify the device's Configuration Register value
  • reset - reboot/reset the device
  • history command - display command entry history
  • set command - display or modify ROMMon variables
  • sync command - write the current monitor (ROMMon) variables
  • stack command - create a stack trace
  • tftpdnld - tftp image download
  • xmodem - x/ymodem image download